Screening preterm‐born infants for autistic traits may help to identify social communication difficulties at five years of age
Résumé
Abstract Aim This study compared neurodevelopmental screening questionnaires completed when preterm‐born children reached 2 years of corrected age with social communication skills at 5.5 years of age. Methods Eligible subjects were born in 2011 at 24–34 weeks of gestation, participated in a French population‐based epidemiological study and were free of motor and sensory impairment at 2 years of corrected age. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M‐CHAT) were used at 2 years and the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) at 5.5 years of age. Results We focused on 2119 children. At 2 years of corrected age, the M‐CHAT showed autistic traits in 20.7%, 18.5% and 18.2% of the children born at 24–26, 27–31 and 32–34 weeks of gestation, respectively ( p = 0.7). At 5.5 years of age, 12.6%, 12.7% and 9.6% risked social communication difficulties, with an SCQ score ≥90th percentile ( p = 0.2). A positive M‐CHAT score at 2 years was associated with higher risks of social communication difficulties at 5.5 years of age (odds ratio 3.46, 95% confidence interval 2.04–5.86, p < 0.001). Stratifying ASQ scores produced similar results. Conclusion Using parental neurodevelopmental screening questionnaires for preterm‐born children helped to identify the risk of later social communication difficulties.
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