Context: Reunion Island is an overseas French department with a large proportion of young people, higher than in the metropolitan territory. It is also noteworthy that there is a high proportion of single parents and of early childbearing. The unemployment rate was estimated at 29% in 2013 versus a national rate of 10%. By contrast with other French overseas territories, the population of the Reunion island is very cosmopolite with eight major ethnic groups (from India, China, Africa, Comoros, Mayotte, Madagascar) and four religions (Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, and Hindus). In this context, it is important to describe health behaviors of this French population, especially cancer screening practices to face the current lack of data. The objective of this study is to describe the coverage of breast cancer screening with mammography among women aged 25–65 years living in Reunion Island. Materiel and methods: A cross sectional survey has been conducted by phone questionnaire to 1000 women aged 25–65. Question on use of screening mammography was asked to all respondents. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses have been performed to identify the associated factors with mammography use during the two previous years. Results: Among women included in the survey, 33.9% have done a mammography during the past two years, 20.9% have done a mammography more than two years ago and 45.2% have never done a mammography. Among the 417 women aged from 50 to 65 years (i.e. those concerned by the organized breast cancer screening every two years), when comparing those who have done a mammography during the two past years (63,9%) to the others (36,1%), associated factors found were: reporting a low income, and/or a low literacy level, reporting a regular gynecologic follow-up, and having done a vaginal smear in the past two years (as recommended by medical authorities). Conclusions: Social inequalities are major in Reunion Island and directly affect health behavior such as breast cancer screening by mammography. Public Policy have to be implemented in Reunion Island to promote specific action toward low income women, especially health education to increase health literacy.