The roles of CSFs on the functional polarization of tumor-associated macrophages
Résumé
Macrophages have a central role in numerous physiological processes, such as
immune defense, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, wound healing, and
inflammation. Moreover, in numerous severe disorders, such as cancer or
chronic inflammation, their functions can be profoundly affected. Macrophages
continuously sense their environment and adapt their phenotypes and
functions to the local requirements; this process is called plasticity. In addition
to stress signals, metabolites, and direct cell-contact interactions with surrounding
cells, numerous cytokines play a central role in controlling macrophage
polarization. In this review, we will focus on three human macrophage
differentiation factors: macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), IL-34,
and granulocyte M-CSF. These CSFs allow human monocyte survival, promote
their differentiation into macrophages, and control macrophage polarization
as they give rise to cells with different phenotype and functions. Based
on recent observations, the role of granulocyte CSF on macrophage polarization
is also addressed. Finally, our current knowledge on the expression of
these growth factors in tumor microenvironment and their impact on the generation
and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages are summarized.
Domaines
Cancer
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