%0 Journal Article %T Accessing the human trophoblast stem cell state from pluripotent and somatic cells %+ Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis %+ Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes) %+ Team 2 : Cell and gene engineering in tolerance, fertility and regenerative medicine (U1064 Inserm - CR2TI) %+ Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie - Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology (U1064 Inserm - CR2TI) %A Karvas, Rowan %A Laurent, David %A Theunissen, Thorold %Z Research in the Theunissen laboratory is supported by the NIH Director's New Innovator Award (DP2 GM137418) and grants from the Shipley Foundation Program for Innovation in Stem Cell Science, the Edward Mallinckrodt, Jr. Foundation, and the Washington University Children's Discovery Institute. R.M.K. is supported by a Training in Regenerative Medicine training grant (T32 EB028092) from the NIH. Federal NIH/NIGMS funds were not used to develop integrated 3D models of human embryonic development. %< avec comité de lecture %@ 1420-682X %J Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences %I Springer Verlag %V 79 %N 12 %P 604 %8 2022-11 %D 2022 %R 10.1007/s00018-022-04549-y %M 36434136 %K Organoids %K Placenta %K Pluripotency %K Reprogramming %K Stem cells %K Trophoblast %Z Life Sciences [q-bio]Journal articles %X Trophoblasts are specialized epithelial cells that perform critical functions during blastocyst implantation and mediate maternal-fetal communication during pregnancy. However, our understanding of human trophoblast biology remains limited since access to first-trimester placental tissue is scarce, especially between the first and fourth weeks of development. Moreover, animal models inadequately recapitulate unique aspects of human placental physiology. In the mouse system, the isolation of self-renewing trophoblast stem cells has provided a valuable in vitro model system of placental development, but the derivation of analogous human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) has remained elusive until recently. Building on a landmark study reporting the isolation of bona fide hTSCs from blastocysts and first-trimester placental tissues in 2018, several groups have developed methods to derive hTSCs from pluripotent and somatic cell sources. Here we review the biological and molecular properties that define authentic hTSCs, the trophoblast potential of distinct pluripotent states, and methods for inducing hTSCs in somatic cells by direct reprogramming. The generation of hTSCs from pluripotent and somatic cells presents exciting opportunities to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of human placental development and the etiology of pregnancy-related diseases. %G English %L inserm-04017494 %U https://inserm.hal.science/inserm-04017494 %~ INSERM %~ CRTI %~ NANTES-UNIVERSITE %~ NANTES-UNIV %~ CR2TI %~ UFR-MEDECINE-NANTES