%0 Journal Article %T al complexes and virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus from several cities in India. %+ Society for Innovation and Development %+ Center for Infectious Medicine F59 %+ Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques (CNR) %+ Immunité infection vaccination (I2V) %A Shambat, Srikanth %A Nadig, Savitha %A Prabhakara, Sushma %A Bes, Michele %A Etienne, Jerome %A Arakere, Gayathri %Z the financial support received by Department of Biotechnology, (Government of India), Sir Dorabji Tata Trust, Swedish International Development Agency to GA and from NPP-Indigo to JE. %< avec comité de lecture %@ 1471-2180 %J BMC Microbiology %I BioMed Central %V 12 %N 1 %P 64 %8 2012-05-01 %D 2012 %R 10.1186/1471-2180-12-64 %M 22548694 %Z Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and ParasitologyJournal articles %X ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Diseases from Staphylococcus aureus are a major problem in Indian hospitals and recent studies point to infiltration of community associated methicillin resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) into hospitals. Although CA-MRSA are genetically different from nosocomial MRSA, the distinction between the two groups is blurring as CA-MRSA are showing multidrug resistance and are endemic in many hospitals. Our survey of samples collected from Indian hospitals between 2004 and 2006 had shown mainly hospital associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type III and IIIA. But S. aureus isolates collected from 2007 onwards from community and hospital settings in India have shown SCCmec type IV and V cassettes while several variations of type IV SCCmec cassettes from IVa to IVj have been found in other parts of the world. In the present study, we have collected nasal swabs from rural and urban healthy carriers and pus, blood etc from in patients from hospitals to study the distribution of SCCmec types and sequence types (ST) in the community and hospital environment. We performed molecular characterization of all the isolates to determine their lineage and microarray of select isolates from each sequence type to analyze their toxins, virulence and immune-evasion factors. RESULTS: Molecular analyses of 68 S. aureus isolates from in and around Bengaluru and three other Indian cities have been carried out. Our strains fall into fifteen ST with all major clonal complexes (CC) present along with some minor ones. The dominant MRSA clones are ST22 and ST772 among healthy carriers and patients. We are reporting two methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates belonging to ST291 (related to ST398 which is live stock associated), ST1208 (CC8), and ST672 as emerging MRSA clones in this study for the first time. Sixty nine percent of isolates carry Panton- Valentine Leucocidin genes (PVL) along with many other toxins. There is more diversity of ST among methicillin sensitive S. aureus than resistant ones. Microarray analysis of isolates belonging to different ST for the first time gives an insight into major toxins, virulence factors, adhesion and immune evasion factors present among the isolates in various parts of India. CONCLUSIONS: S. aureus isolates reported in this study belong to a highly diverse group of ST and CC and we are reporting several new ST which have not been reported earlier along with factors influencing virulence and host pathogen interactions. %G English %2 https://inserm.hal.science/inserm-00730690/document %2 https://inserm.hal.science/inserm-00730690/file/1471-2180-12-64.pdf %L inserm-00730690 %U https://inserm.hal.science/inserm-00730690 %~ INSERM %~ HCL %~ UNIV-LYON1 %~ UDL %~ UNIV-LYON