Purpose: To describe temporal trends and assess factors associated with changes in the prescription of clomiphene citrate and gonadotropins between 2010 and 2017 in women with infertility aged 18-50 from metropolitan France. Methods: 6321 prevalent women from a representative sample of the national medico-administrative database were identified. We performed a Cochran-Armitage trend test and calculated the rate ratios. A Poisson regression was used to derive the incidence rate ratios, for each treatment class. Results: The prevalence rate and incidence rate of clomiphene citrate use significantly decreased by 20% (RR 0.80: 95% CI 0.71-0.90) and 23% (RR 0.77: 95% CI 0.66-0.89), respectively. Its initiation was higher in all age groups compared to the reference (18-24 years), with a downward gradient. It was also higher when the density of gynaecologists was higher and in disadvantaged areas. The prevalence rate and incidence rate of gonadotropin use increased by 11% (RR 1.11: 95% CI 1.01-1.22) and 33% (RR 1.33: 95% CI 1.14-1.55) respectively. Gonadotropin initiation was highest in the 31-35 age group, but it was also higher in the 25-30 and 36-40 age groups at a similar level (reference 18-24 years). Its initiation was higher when the density of gynaecologists was higher, but not associated with social deprivation. Conclusion: Our results showed an increase in gonadotropin use for infertility treatment in France during the 2010-2017 period and a decrease in clomiphene citrate use. Further work should be undertaken to analyse the use of these drugs in relation to women's care pathways.